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Successive Approximation Model (SAM)
A Practical Guide to the SAM Model in Instructional Design
The Successive Approximation Model (SAM) is an agile approach to instructional design that emphasises rapid prototyping, iteration, and collaboration. Unlike traditional linear models like ADDIE, SAM allows instructional designers to quickly test and refine learning solutions based on continuous feedback. In this blog post, we will explore the SAM model, its phases, and a practical example of how to apply it in an instructional design project.
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this post, you will be able to:
- Explain the key principles of the SAM model.
- Identify the three main phases of SAM.
- Apply SAM to an instructional design project.
Categories: Instructional Design Theory
Description
SAM is an iterative and agile instructional design model developed by Michael Allen. It consists of three main phases:
1. Preparation Phase
- Gather background information about the project, learners, and goals.
- Conduct a needs analysis to identify performance gaps.
- Define high-level objectives and possible solutions.
2. Iterative Design Phase
- Develop a prototype or rough draft of the learning experience.
- Gather feedback from stakeholders and learners.
- Make iterative improvements based on feedback.
3. Iterative Development Phase
- Refine the design into a fully functional learning product.
- Test and adjust as needed.
- Finalise and deploy the learning solution.
Practical Application of SAM: Designing a Microlearning Module
Let’s say you’re developing a microlearning module on “How to Write Effective Learning Objectives.” Here’s how you would apply SAM:
- Preparation Phase
- Identify the target audience (new instructional designers or educators).
- Determine the learning need: Many new designers struggle with writing clear, measurable learning objectives.
- Define the learning goal: Learners should be able to write effective learning objectives using the ABCD model.
- Iterative Design Phase
- Create a storyboard with key content sections (e.g., introduction, examples, interactive exercises).
- Develop a prototype using tools like Articulate Storyline or PowerPoint.
- Gather feedback from a small group of learners or stakeholders.
- Revise based on feedback (e.g., add more interactivity or simplify explanations).
- Iterative Development Phase
- Develop a fully functional version in Articulate Storyline.
- Conduct usability testing with a sample audience.
- Make final revisions and ensure the content is accessible and engaging.
- Deploy the module on an LMS or share via a web link.
Why Use SAM?
- Faster development cycle compared to traditional models like ADDIE.
- Encourages flexibility and ongoing improvements.
- Focuses on collaboration and learner feedback throughout the process.
Conclusion
The SAM model is a great approach for instructional designers who want to create engaging, effective learning experiences quickly. By applying iterative design and development, you can ensure that your learning solutions meet the needs of your audience while remaining agile and responsive to feedback. Click here to see how I used it in one of my projects.
© 2025 Flavia Bernardes
